Step 1: Decide on the appropriate level of structure, planning ahead of time what topics and questions to cover while also allowing for open-ended opportunities.

Step 2: Word open-ended questions to encourage in-depth responses and to avoid bias in asking about strengths and weaknesses. If closed-ended questions are desired, limit them to a small number of questions with response choices that can be communicated simply. All questions should be phrased appropriately for out-loud communication.

Step 3: Prepare a set of probe questions to use when the interviewee's response indicates confusion or is not sufficiently detailed.

Step 4: Order questions logically, signaling each topic area and asking the highest-priority questions first. Opinion questions generally should follow information questions. For the interview as a whole, build up to more complex topic areas and end with a simpler topic area.

Step 5: Include a script in the protocol so that the interviewer can introduce, guide, and conclude the interview in a consistent manner.

Step 6: Limit the number of questions to a set that can be covered within 60 to 90 minutes.

Step 7: Pilot test the interview protocol and make needed revisions.