Step 10: Maximize the efficiency of your sample.
Given
that your primary unit of analysis is the school, you decide that
you need as many schools as possible in the intervention and control
groups. You decide to randomly assign 20 of the 40 schools in the
district with 8th grades to the intervention group and the other
20 to the control group. Then, to maximize efficiency (that is,
maintain as high power as possible without adding needlessly to
the costs by oversampling the secondary units of analysis), you
decide to select 2 teachers per school and 5 students per
teacher.
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